Pluto – Duniyar Da Masana Kimiyya Suka Ƙi Ɗauka A Matsayin Duniya

🪐 18. Pluto — Duniya Ce Ko Kawai Ƙaramar Duniya?

Pluto ita ce ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan duniyoyi da suka fi tayar da muhawara a tarihin ilmin sararin samaniya.

A shekarar 1930, wani ɗalibi mai suna Clyde Tombaugh ya gano Pluto. An dauke ta a matsayin duniya ta tara a tsarin rana har tsawon shekaru 76. Amma a shekarar 2006, Ƙungiyar Kasa da Kasa ta Ilimin Taurari (IAU) ta cire ta daga cikin “planets” ta koma cikin ƙananan duniyoyi (dwarf planets).

Wannan hukunci ya tayar da hankula a fadin duniya — musamman a Amurka inda aka ɗauki Pluto a matsayin “Ƙaramin ɗan uwa” na tsarin rana.

Amma me ya sa aka canza matsayin ta? Kuma me yasa Pluto ta zama muhimmiyar cibiyar bincike duk da ƙaramin girman ta?

📝 Muhimman Bayani Game da Pluto

🌞 Nisa daga rana: km biliyan 5.9

⏱ Shekara ɗaya a Pluto = Shekaru 248 na Duniya

🌡 Yanayin sanyi: –229°C

🌓 Watanni: 5 (Charon shi ne mafi girma)

🧊 Kankara da dutse ne suka cike ta

🌠 Tsawon rana ɗaya = awa 153 (kus. kwana 6 + awanni 9)

📏 Girman Pluto

Abubuwa Duniya 🌍 Pluto 🪐

Radius ~6,371 km ~1,188 km

Nauyi 5.97 × 10²⁴ kg 1.31 × 10²² kg

Yanayin zafi 15°C (matsakaici) –229°C

Moons 1 5

Shekara 365 days 248 Earth years

Pluto tana da ƙaramin girma sosai — ƙaramin radius ɗinta ya fi ƙarancin moon ɗin Duniya. Amma duk da haka tana da tsarin da ya yi kama da na duniyoyi: ƙasa, dusar kankara, da wata mai girma sosai.

🪨 Tsari

Pluto ba gas ce ba kamar Jupiter ko Neptune.

Tana da:

Ƙasan dutse mai tsauri

Dusar kankara da ta rufe ƙasa gaba ɗaya

Atmosphere mai rauni da ke kunshe da nitrogen, methane, da carbon monoxide

Atmosphere ɗin Pluto tana “ɓacewa” lokacin da ta yi nisa daga rana saboda sanyi mai tsanani, sannan tana “komawa” idan ta kusanto.

🌓 Watannin Pluto

Pluto tana da moons 5:

1. Charon – mafi girma, yana da rabin girman Pluto, suna juyawa tare kamar “tagwaye”.

2. Styx

3. Nix

4. Kerberos

5. Hydra

🟣 Charon – Tagwayen Pluto

Charon yana da girma sosai har suna juyawa a kan juna (mutual tidal lock). Saboda haka babu “deyin rana” da dare kamar yadda muke sani a Duniya — fuska ɗaya ce kullum ke kallon Pluto.

Wasu masana suna ganin Pluto da Charon sun fi kama da binary system fiye da planet + moon.

🛰 Binciken New Horizons

Shekarar 2015 ta zama tarihi — lokacin da NASA ta aika New Horizons spacecraft, ta wuce kusa da Pluto ta ɗauki hotuna masu ban mamaki:

Ta gano yankin da ake kira Sputnik Planitia — filin kankara mai santsi kamar farin teku.

Ta nuna tsaunuka masu kama da duwatsu, wasu suna da tsawon 3.5 km.

Ta tabbatar da cewa akwai tsarin juyawa a ciki (geological activity) kodayake babu rana sosai.

Wannan ya girgiza masana — suna tsammanin Pluto ta mutu ce (dead world), amma a zahiri tana “rayuwa” cikin motsi a karkashinta.

🧠 Me Ya Sa Aka Cire Pluto Daga Jerin Duniya?

IAU ta kafa sharudda uku a 2006 don abin da ake kira “planet”:

1. Ya zagaye rana. ✅ Pluto tana yin haka.

2. Ya zama zagayen sa yana da sifar duniya (spherical). ✅ Pluto tana da.

3. Ya share duk wasu abubuwa a cikin hanyar zagayensa. ❌ Pluto ta kasa.

Pluto tana zagayawa a cikin yankin da ake kira Kuiper Belt — inda akwai miliyoyin ƙananan kankara da duwatsu. Ba ta iya share hanyarta ba saboda ƙarancin nauyi.

Saboda haka aka ce “dwarf planet” ce — kamar Ceres, Eris, Haumea, da sauransu.

🌌 Yankin Kuiper Belt

Pluto tana cikin Kuiper Belt, wani yanki bayan Neptune wanda ke ɗauke da ƙananan duniyoyi masu sanyi.

Kuiper Belt yana da mahimmanci saboda:

Ana ganin shi ne asalin comets. 

Yana nuna yadda tsarin rana ya kafa kansa tun farko.

Pluto da sauran ƙananan duniyoyi suna ba da haske kan yadda duniyoyi ke girma da rarrabuwa.

📖 A Al-Qur’ani

Allah (SWT) ya ce:

“Kuma dukkanin su suna cikin falaki suna iyo.”

(Surat Yasin: 40)

Pluto tana daga cikin waɗannan halittu masu iyo cikin natsuwa a falaki. Koda kuwa ƙarama ce, tana bin tsarin Allah cikin ladabi, tana zagaya rana daidai da lokacin da aka ƙaddara mata.

🌠 Abubuwan Da Zamu Koya Daga Pluto

1. Girman bai zama muhimmi ba — Pluto tana da cikakken tsarin duniya duk da ƙarancin ta.

2. Babu “duniya” guda ɗaya kawai a bayan Neptune — akwai daruruwan irin Pluto a Kuiper Belt.

3. Bincike ba ya ƙarewa — New Horizons ta bude sabbin tambayoyi fiye da amsoshin da ta kawo.

4. Tsarin Allah ba shi da banza — kowane jiki yana da muhimmanci a tsarin falaki.

Pluto ta sha bamban da sauran duniyoyi.

Tana nesa, sanyi, ƙarama — amma tana ɗauke da abubuwan ban mamaki da suka sa duniya ta tsaya ta kalle ta da sabuwar ido.

Ta koya mana cewa:

 “Kowanne ƙaramin abu a cikin halittar Allah yana ɗauke da babbar hikima.”

✍️ Nuhu Saad Kumurya