Shin iyayen Annabi sun shiga Aljanna? Bayanin malamai da nassoshi

Makomar Iyayen Annabi Muhammad ﷺ: Nazari Kan Ahl al-Fatrah da Nassoshi

Takaitaccen Bayani

An yi muhawara tsawon zamani a cikin al-‘Ilm na Musulunci kan makomar iyayen Annabi Muhammad ﷺ, shin sun sami rahamar Allah su shiga Aljannah, ko kuwa sun ci tarar azaba a Jahannama. Wasu Ḥadīth na cewa Annabi ﷺ ya gaya wa wani cewa mahaifinsa yana cikin wuta, amma malamai da dama sun yi hujjoji daga Qur’āni da ka’idar “Ahl al-Fatrah” (mutanen da suka yi rayuwa a zamanin babu annabci) suna tabbatar da cewa iyayensa za su wuce wannan gwaji cikin rahama, wato za su shiga Aljannah. A cikin wannan makala, za mu duba nassoshi daga Qur’āni da Ḥadīth, bayanan masana, da hujjojin da ke goyon bayan kowanne ra’ayi.

Tun daga farkon zamanin Musulunci, masana sun yi nazari kan halin waɗanda suka mutu kafin zuwan annabci. Annabi Muhammad ﷺ ya rasu tun a shekarar 632 CE, amma mahaifinsa ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib ya mutu ne kafin a saukar da wahayi, haka kuma mahaifiyarsa Āminah bint Wahb ﷺ ta mutu bayan haihuwar. Wannan yanayi ya haifar da tambaya: shin mutane irin su iyayen Annabi, waɗanda ba su ji saƙon Musulunci ba, za su shiga Aljannah ne ko Jahannama? 

Halin Iyayen Annabi a Bayyane

Ra’ayin Rauni daga Ḥadīth

1. Akwai ḥadīth mai ba da labari cewa wani ya tambayi Manzon Allah ﷺ inda mahaifinsa yake, sai yace: “Yana cikin wuta.” Har ya kira shi ya maimaita, “Mahaifinka da na kaana,” yana nufin dukansu suna cikin wuta .

2. Wasu malamai na Salāfiyya kamar shafin IslamQA.info suna amfani da waɗannan ḥadīth ɗin don nuna cewa iyayen Annabi ﷺ akwai yiwuwar azabtar da su saboda sun mutu ba Musulmai ba .

Ra’ayin “Ahl al-Fatrah”

1. Ma’anar “Ahl al-Fatrah” ita ce mutanen da suka mutu a zamanin da babu annabi. Bisa ga wannan ƙa’ida, ba za a hukunta su ba domin ba su ji saƙo ba:

> “Ba ma azabtar da wata ƙabila har sai mun aika mata da manzo” (Qur’āni, 17:15) .

2. Imam Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī da Ibn Ḥajar al-‘Asqalānī suna ba da hujja cewa Allah Ya kare iyayen Annabi ﷺ daga wuta saboda jinƙai da lada na kasancewa iyayen Manzo .

Dalilan Qur’āni

1. Rahamar Allah ga Ahl al-Fatrah:

> “Wanda ya yi kuskure ɓoye, kuma ya tuba, kuma ya yi aikin alheri, zai wuce.” (Qur’āni, 20:82) .

2. Ƙa’idar Adalci:

> “Yanzu kuwa ba za a azabtar da mutanen da ba su sani ba” (Qur’āni, 6:165) .

3. Aljannah ga Masu Taƙawanci:

> “Da suke ƙauna ga allah kuma suna kiyaye performin ibada.” (Qur’āni, 3:31) —Ya nuna mahimmancin imani da aiki, amma ba a hukunta marasa sani ba .

Dalilan Ḥadīth

1. Ḥadīth ɗin da ke cewa mahaifin Annabi ﷺ yana wuta (Sahīh Muslim: Kitāb al-Īmān, 203) .

2. Ḥadīth ɗin Musnad al-Bazzār wanda ke cewa iyayen Annabi an tashe su daga kabari suka karɓi Imān sannan an mayar da su Barzakh; wasu malamai sun dauki wannan hujja ne don ƙarin rahama .

3. Wasu ḥadīth sun nuna cewa Annabi ﷺ ya yi addu’a ga iyayensa —yin hakan na nuna yana son rahamar Allah a gare su .

Ra’ayin Masana

1. Mafi rinjaye a tsakanin malamai:

Imām Abū Ḥanīfah ya yi imani iyayen Annabi ﷺ sun mutu a kan al-fitrah, wato halin asali na imani, don haka ba za su azabtar da su ba .

Imām al-Qurṭubī da Ibn Abī Dunyā sun ambaci hujjojin al-Kutub al-Makkiyyah da Qādiriyyah wajen tabbatar da rahamar Allah ga iyayen Annabi .

2. Matsayin Shī’ah:

Shī’ah sun yi imani duk kakannin Annabi, ciki har da Āminah, manufa ɗaya ce —sun kasance muwahhidai, don haka sun cancanci Aljannah .

3. Matsayin Salāfiyya:

Wasu ‘yan Salāfiyya sun yi ƙiyayya ga labaran hujjojin rahamar bayan mutuwa, suna kallon ḥadīth na wutar mahaifi a matsayin ƙaryar da ba ta inganci ba .

A ƙarshe, babu shakka cewa ƙaddarar kowane mutum a Lahira ta hannun Allah ne yake. Duk da jayayya kan nassoshi daga Ḥadīth, ra’ayin mafi rinjaye a cikin ilmin Musulunci shi ne cewa iyayen Annabi Muhammad ﷺ, kasancewar “Ahl al-Fatrah”, za su tsallake gwajin wuta, wato za su shiga Aljannah, bisa ga rahamar Allah da kuma adalcinSa . Wannan ra’ayi yana goyon bayan manyan malamai kamar Abū Ḥanīfah, al-Suyūṭī, Ibn Ḥajar, da sauran mashahurai, yayin da wasu kaɗan suka tsaya kan ƙaddara ta hujjojin da ke nuna akasin haka. A ƙarshe, mu dogara da rahamar Allah, mu kuma ci gaba da yin addu’a ga iyayenmu da iyayen Manzo ﷺ su sami rahama da Aljannah.

 ƙarin bayani daga littattafai na fiqhu! 

Takaitaccen Bayani

Akwai hujjoji daga Ḥadīth sahīḥa waɗanda ke nuna mahaifin Manzo ﷺ yana cikin wuta, yayin da wasu ḥadīth masu rauni ke nuni da cewa aka tashe iyayen Annabi su karɓi imān, sannan aka mayar da su Barzakh . A gefe guda, mafi rinjaye a tsakanin masanan fiqhu sun jaddada ƙa’idar “Ahl al-Fatrah” – waɗanda ba su ji wahayi ba ba za a azabtar da su ba – suna ɗaukar cewa iyayen Annabi za su sami rahama su shiga Aljannah . Wasu ƙananan malamai kamar Salāfiyya sun ƙaryata hujjojin rahamar bayan mutuwa, suna mai da hujja ga ḥadīth ɗin wuta a matsayin sahīh . A ƙarshe, mafi yawancin masanan sun jingina fata ga rāhamar Allah bisa ga adalci, suna kallon cewa iyayen ﷺ sun mutu cikin al-fiṭrah, don haka rahama ce kaɗai za a yi musu .

1. Nassoshi daga Ḥadīth

1.1 Ḥadīth na wuta

A Hadeeth kan ƙarfin hujja daga ƙofar Anas, Manzo ﷺ ya faɗi cewa mahaifinsa yana cikin wuta, sannan ya maimaita don ƙarfafa hujjar .

Wasu malamai na Salāfiyya sun ɗauki wannan ḥadīth a matsayin sahīh, suna mai da hujja ga Musnad al-Bazzār da Sahīh Muslim: Kitāb al-Īmān, ḥadīth 203 .

1.2 Ḥadīth na dawowa da imān

Wasu ḥadīth da ake ɗauka marasa ƙarfi (da‘īf) ko ƙarye (mawḍū‘) sun ruwaito cewa Allah Ya tashe iyayen Annabi daga kabari, suka yi imān, sannan aka mayar da su Barzakh .

Malamai da dama sun yi watsi da waɗannan rahotanni saboda raunin matan nasu da rashin goyon bayan shaida mai ƙarfi .

2. Ka’idar “Ahl al-Fatrah”

2.1 Nassoshi daga Qur’āni

Allah Ya bayyana a Surah al-Isrā’ cewa:

> “Ba ma azabtar da wata ƙabila har sai mun aika mata da manzo.” (17:15) .

Haka kuma:

“Yanzu kuwa ba za a azabtar da mutanen da ba su sani ba.” (6:165) .

2.2 Ma’anar Ahl al-Fatrah

“Ahl al-Fatrah” na nufin mutanen da suka mutu a lokacin da babu manzo a doron ƙasa, daga Isra zuwa Wahayi .

Saboda adalci da rāhama, ba a hukunta su ba har sai sun ji saƙon Allah .

3. Ra’ayoyin Masana

3.1 Mafi rinjaye (Jumhur)

Imām Abū Ḥanīfah, al-Suyūṭī, da Ibn Ḥajar sun yi imani iyayen Annabi ﷺ sun mutu a kan al-fiṭrah, kuma za a jikansu rahama .

Dar al-Ifta’ ta tabbatar cewa mahangar wannan rukuni na da ƙarfi daga nassoshi da ƙa’idar adalci .

3.2 Ra’ayi na ƙananan kungiyoyi

Salāfiyya suna goyon bayan ḥadīth na wuta a matsayin sahīh, suna mai watsi da hujjojin rahamar Ahl al-Fatrah .

Wasu malamai sun yi gargadi kan amfani da rahotanni marasa ƙarfi domin kafa hujja .

3.3 Ra’ayin Shī’ah

Shī’ah su na ɗaukar cewa iyayen Annabi, musamman Āminah, sun kasance muwahhidai, don haka za a ba su Aljannah .

4. Nazari da Hujjoji

1. Ƙa’idar Adalci: Allah ba zai azabtar da wanda bai ji saƙo ba ba .

2. Rāhama ga Bayi Masu Daraja: Annabi ﷺ ƙarshe ne cikin jerin Manzanni; Allah na nuni da girmansa da rāhama ta musamman ga iyalansa .

3. Tafarkin Jumhur: Hadīth sahīh na wuta bai kasance hujja mai ƙarfi fiye da nassoshi daga Qur’ān da ƙa’idojin fiqhu ba .

5. Kammalawa

Duk da riƙicin nassoshi, jumhur masanan sun ɗauka cewa iyayen Annabi Muhammad ﷺ za su ji rāhama Allah su shiga Aljannah bisa ga ƙa’idar Ahl al-Fatrah, rahamar Allah, da adalci . Wasu ƙananan malamai sun tsaya kan hujjar sahīh ḥadīth na wuta, amma hujjojin Qur’ān da fiqhu sun fi rinjaye . A ƙarshe, mu dogara ga rahamar Allah, mu kuma yi addu’a ga iyayenmu da iyayen Manzo ﷺ su sami Aljannah.

Nuhu Saad Kumurya

CEO: Kumurya Media Inc