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✊ Tarihin Kama Nelson Mandela a Ranar 5 Ga Agusta, 1962 – Mataki Mai Muhimmanci a Gwagwarmayar 'Yancin Afrika ta Kudu
🟢 Gabatarwa
A yau, 5 ga Agusta, duniya na tunawa da ɗaya daga cikin manyan lokuta a tarihin gwagwarmayar ‘yanci a nahiyar Afrika — ranar da aka kama Nelson Mandela a shekarar 1962. Wannan rana ta zama babbar alama a tarihin Afirka ta Kudu da yaki da tsarin wariyar launin fata (Apartheid), wato tsarin da ya tauye haƙƙin bakar fata tsawon shekaru a ƙasar.
Nelson Mandela, tarihin Afrika ta Kudu, gwagwarmayar ‘yanci, kama Mandela, ANC, yakin wariyar launin fata, Mandela a kurkuku, Shar’ar Rivonia, Robben Island, Tarihin Afirka
🟨 Wanene Nelson Mandela?
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1918 a garin Mvezo, yankin Transkei, Afirka ta Kudu. Ya fito daga kabilar Xhosa kuma yana da zurfin asalin sarauta. Duk da haka, ya zabi rayuwar gwagwarmaya maimakon jin daɗin sarauta.
Ya karanci ilimin lauya, sannan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ‘yan siyasar farko da suka tsaya tsayin daka wajen neman yancin bakar fata a Afirka ta Kudu. A shekarar 1944, ya shiga jam’iyyar African National Congress (ANC), kuma daga nan ya zama gagarumin jagora.
⚫ Tsarin Apartheid – Menene?
Tsarin Apartheid wanda ke nufin raba launin fata, wani tsarin siyasa ne da gwamnatin Afrika ta Kudu ta gabatar daga shekarar 1948. Tsarin ya haramta bakar fata daga shiga makarantu iri ɗaya da fararen fata, zirga-zirga iri ɗaya, kasuwanci, gidaje, ko ma aure tsakaninsu.
Wannan wariyar ta sa dubban bakar fata cikin talauci da wulakanci. Nelson Mandela da jam’iyyar ANC suka dauki alhakin jagorantar yaki da wannan azzaluman tsari.
🔴 Dalilin Kama Mandela
A farkon gwagwarmayarsa, Mandela da ANC sun bi hanya ta lumana da neman yanci cikin zaman lafiya. Amma bayan da gwamnatin Afrika ta Kudu ta fara amfani da karfin tuwo da kashe mutane a lokacin zanga-zangar Sharpeville Massacre (1960), Mandela ya yanke shawarar komawa hanyar gwagwarmayar soja.
Ya kafa wata reshen soji mai suna Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), wato "Takobin Jama'a", tare da taimakon wasu kungiyoyi ciki har da masu kishin kwaminisanci daga waje. A wannan lokaci, yana yawo daga wuri zuwa wuri cikin asiri, yana tsara hare-hare kan ababen more rayuwa domin nuna cewa ba za su lamunci zalunci ba.
⚖️ Ranar 5 Ga Agusta 1962 – Kama Mandela
A ranar 5 ga Agusta, 1962, a wani shingen bincike na ‘yan sanda a hanyar Durban zuwa Johannesburg, jami'an tsaro suka kama Mandela, wanda ya shigo ƙasar daga tafiyarsa a Algeria da Ethiopia inda ya samu horon soja da goyon bayan yaki da mulkin mallaka.
Wasu rahotanni sun nuna cewa an ba hukumar sirri ta Afrika ta Kudu bayani daga CIA (Hukumar leken Asirin Amurka) wanda ya taimaka wajen gano inda Mandela yake. Wannan mataki ya jefa shi cikin kurkuku na tsawon shekaru 27.
🧑🏾⚖️ Shari’ar Rivonia
Bayan kama Mandela, aka gudanar da fitacciyar Shari’ar Rivonia (1963-1964), inda aka zarge shi da aikata laifin tayar da hankali da yunkurin kifar da gwamnati.
A cikin jawabin sa na ƙarshe kafin hukunci, Mandela ya ce:
"Na sadaukar da rayuwata wajen yaki da zaluncin fararen fata da na bakar fata. Na yi mafarkin ƙasar da kowa zai zama daidai. Wannan mafarki ne nake son rayuwa don cimma shi. Amma idan zai zama dole, ina shirye na mutu don cimma shi."
A ƙarshe, kotu ta yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai da rai, aka tura shi kurkukun Robben Island.
🚪 Zaman Kurkuku na Shekaru 27
Mandela ya shafe shekaru 18 a Robben Island, inda aka hana shi samun littattafai da ziyara yadda ya kamata. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da koya wa ‘yan kurkuku ilimi da shirya su don sabuwar Afirka ta Kudu.
Daga baya aka mayar da shi zuwa kurkukun Pollsmoor da kuma Victor Verster Prison, inda aka fara sassauta masa wasu sharuddan da dama. Ya zama abin koyi ga duniya baki ɗaya saboda jimuri, hakuri, da jajircewa.
🟩 Sakin Mandela da Nasarar ANC
A ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 1990, bayan matsin lamba daga cikin gida da na waje, gwamnatin Frederik Willem de Klerk ta saki Nelson Mandela. Wannan rana ta zama tarihi mai girma, domin ta nuna farkon sabon zamani ga Afirka ta Kudu.
A shekarar 1994, aka gudanar da zaben demokradiyya na farko, inda kowa da kowa ya kada kuri’a ba tare da la’akari da launin fata ba. Mandela ya lashe zaben kuma ya zama Shugaban ƙasa na farko bakar fata a tarihin Afirka ta Kudu.
🌍 Girmamawa Daga Duniya
Mandela ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mutane a duniya. An ba shi lambar Nobel ta zaman lafiya a 1993. Hakanan, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ayyana Ranar 18 Yuli a matsayin "Nelson Mandela International Day" domin tunawa da ayyukansa.
Ya kafa Nelson Mandela Foundation, wanda ke ci gaba da gwagwarmaya kan adalci, zaman lafiya, da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.
🕊️ Darussa Daga Rayuwar Mandela
Me muke koya daga rayuwar Mandela?
Jimiri da Haƙuri: Duk da tsananin tsanani, Mandela bai fasa ba.
Ruwa da Tsaki: Ya tsunduma cikin gwagwarmayar ‘yanci ba don kansa ba, amma don ‘yan ƙasa.
Shirya Zuciya: Ya shirya zama mutum mai yafiya, har ya haɗa da waɗanda suka zalunce shi a gwamnatin sa.
Jagoranci Na Gaskiya: Ya sauka daga mulki bayan wa’adin farko, don tabbatar da gaskiya da bin doka.
